Name a common side effect of beta-blockers.

Beta-blockers are a class of medications primarily used to manage various cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, heart rhythm disorders, and heart failure. A common side effect associated with beta-blockers is bradycardia, which is a condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate. This occurs because beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease in heart rate and contractility of the heart.

Fatigue is also frequently reported by patients taking beta-blockers. This can stem from the overall reduction in heart rate and blood pressure that may lead to decreased cardiac output, making individuals feel more tired or lethargic. Thus, the response that includes bradycardia or fatigue accurately reflects typical side effects of beta-blockers, highlighting their physiological effects on heart function and overall energy levels.

In contrast, the other options listed do not capture the primary effects of beta-blockers. For example, nausea or vomiting may arise from various other medications but are not hallmark side effects of beta-blockers. Dizziness or confusion might be related to changes in blood pressure or interactions with other medications but are less specific to beta-blockers. Rash or itching indicates allergic or atypical reactions rather than common side