What is a common adverse effect of opioids?

Opioids are primarily known for their analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, but they also have a range of side effects due to their action on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. One of the most common adverse effects associated with opioid use is constipation. This occurs because opioids bind to specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to decreased gastrointestinal motility and increased time for water absorption from the stool, resulting in harder, less frequent bowel movements.

While nausea can occur with opioids due to their effects on the central nervous system, it is generally less persistent than constipation. Insomnia may also happen but is not one of the hallmark effects of opioids. Diarrhea, in contrast, is typically not associated with opioid use as these medications often lead to the opposite effect. Therefore, recognizing constipation as a common adverse effect is essential for managing patients receiving opioid therapy and ensuring they are educated about it.