What is a major side effect of opioid use?

Respiratory depression is a significant side effect of opioid use due to the way opioids interact with the central nervous system. Opioids bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to produce pain relief and feelings of euphoria; however, this binding can also depress the respiratory centers in the brain. When respiratory depression occurs, it results in a decreased rate and depth of breathing, which can lead to insufficient oxygen supply in the body and potentially result in hypoxia or respiratory failure, especially at higher doses. This side effect is particularly concerning in opioid overdose situations and is one of the reasons why close monitoring is necessary when opioids are prescribed.

On the other hand, increased energy, insomnia, and weight loss are not typical side effects associated with opioid use. Instead, these medications often cause sedation, drowsiness, and slowed gastrointestinal motility, which can lead to weight gain rather than loss.