What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?

The primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors is to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. As a result, the levels of angiotensin II decrease, leading to reduced vasoconstriction and decreased blood pressure.

This action also reduces the secretion of aldosterone, which helps to promote sodium and water retention. Therefore, inhibiting this enzyme not only lowers blood pressure but also has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and kidney function. This is why ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and heart failure.