What is the primary risk of using ACE inhibitors?

The primary risk of using ACE inhibitors is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This inhibition results in decreased production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

One of the important effects of aldosterone, which is reduced when angiotensin II is inhibited, is potassium excretion; therefore, when there are lower levels of aldosterone, potassium is not excreted as efficiently. This can lead to a buildup of potassium in the bloodstream, resulting in hyperkalemia. High levels of potassium can be dangerous, potentially causing cardiac arrhythmias and other serious complications.

It is essential for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels in patients taking ACE inhibitors, particularly when other factors that can increase potassium levels are present, such as renal impairment or the concurrent use of potassium-sparing diuretics. This careful monitoring is a critical aspect of managing patients on these medications to prevent potential adverse effects related to high potassium levels.